Dictionary

We present this glossary of trade show and exhibit industry terms for those who may be new to trade shows or who don’t want to appear uninformed when dealing with experienced trade show people.  This glossary is for your benefit, there will be no quiz at the end, although we think you may enjoy the last few entries.

A

A/V — Audio/visual support such as television monitors, radios, or taped music.

A/V Contractor — Supplier of audio/visual equipment.

Accent Lighting –– Directional lighting used to highlight a particular area or object to draw attention to that portion of the field of view.

Access Panel - removable panel or section of exhibit to permit access to lamps, projector mechanisms, etc.

Acoustical Tile — composition board made into squares and placed upon the ceiling or walls to reduce sound.

Acrylic — the family of clear, color, and translucent thermoplastic resins such as Plexiglas or Lucite.

Advance Order - an order for show services sent to the service contractor before move-in. Compare FLOOR ORDER.

Advance Rates - fees associated with advance orders, which typically include discounts when paid in advance.

Advertising Specialties - promotional items with a firm's name and/or marketing message.

Air Cargo - any property carried, or to be carried, in an aircraft, excluding passenger baggage.

Air Freight - materials shipped via airplane.

Airway Bill - also called AIR CONSIGNMENT NOTE. A bill of lading issued by the airline that covers both domestic and international flights transporting goods to a specified destination. Technically, it is a non-negotiable instrument of air transport that serves as a receipt for the shipper, indicating that the carrier has accepted the goods listed therein and obligates itself to carry the consignment to the airport of destination according to specified conditions. Compare BILL OF LADING, INLAND BILL OF LADING, OCEAN BILL OF LADING, THROUGH BILL OF LADING.

Aisle - area between booths for audience traffic movement.

Aisle Carpet - carpeting in the aisles.

Aisle Signs - signs, usually suspended, indicating aisle numbers or letters.

Ambient Light - uncontrolled and unintentional illumination.

Animation - movement of either light or mechanical action.

Anvil Case - reinforced molded plastic case, normally with foam cut-outs for transporting fragile materials.

Applique - any applied item typically vinyl or paper backed with adhesive.

Arch — An exhibit display ceiling or entryway that spans two points.

Arrival Notice –– A document issued by railroads, airlines and maritime services identifying the shipment is sent to the consignee or their agent and informing consignee/agent of cargo’s arrival.

Ash Stands — Stands that hold ashtrays. Also known as SMOKERS.

Assembly — The process of erecting display component parts into a complete exhibit.

ATA Carnet — See CARNET.

At-Site — Location of exhibit or project. Also called ON-SITE.

Attendance — Number of people at show or exhibit.

Attendee — One who attends an exposition. May also be a Delegate or Visitor, but should not be used for "exhibitor".

Attendee Brochure — Direct mail piece sent to current and prospective attendees, that promotes the benefits of attending a specific show. Compare EXHIBITOR PROSPECTUS.

Audit — An independent verification of attendance figures submitted by an exposition's producers.

Auditorium-Style Set-Up — hairs only are set up in rows facing a head table, stage, or speaker. Variations in set up are semicircular and v-shaped

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B

Back Light - A light source that illuminates any transparent or translucent material from behind.

Back-Lit Panels - Three-dimensional structure (or box) with lights placed behind a transparent image.

Backloader - Truck that loads from back opening door.

Backwall  - Panel arrangement at rear of booth area, typically made of cloth, plastic, or other materials.

Backwall Exhibit - An exhibit that is back to back with another exhibit or against a building wall.

Badge - An identification tag worn by participants at an event.  At a trade show, badges usually are color-coded to identify exhibitors and indicate attendees¹ job function.

Baffle - partition to control light, air, sound, or traffic flow.

Baling Wire - Thin gauged wire often used in display work for fastening or tying objects.

Ballast ­­-   power supply used with arc or discharge lamps to control current through the bulb.

Ball Lights ­­ -  stationary adjustable lights found on older model exhibits.

Bank Pins ­­ - pins used for hanging booth ID signs, alternative to S-hooks.

Banjo (Fabric) - type of lightweight cloth used for backdrops.

Banner ‹ A suspended decorative or communicative panel, usually a temporary cloth or paper structure.

Banquet-Style Set-Up ‹ Typically a grouping of rounds set in such a way as to facilitate the serving of food, most often a hexagonal or square pattern.

Barn Doors ­­    An accessory that fits onto the front of a light source consisting of four hinged flaps used to control light spill.

Base ‹ Steel floor support piece for upright post.

Batten ­­  1² x 3² pieces of wood (or 1² x 4²) which can be used to fasten drape or other material

Bill of Lading (B/L or BOL) ‹ A document that establishes the terms of a contract between a shipper and a transportation company under which freight is to be moved between specified points for a specified charge.  Usually prepared by the shipper on forms issued by the carrier, it serves as a document of title, a contract of carriage, a receipt of goods, and that the carrier has assumed responsibility for the cargo until it is delivered.  Also see AIR WAYBILL, INLAND BILL OF LADING, OCEAN BILL OF LADING, THROUGH BILL OF LADING.

Blanket Wrap ‹ Non-crated freight shipped via van line covered with protective blankets or padding.

Bleed ‹ Area beyond usable section of blowup or copy block that allows for trimming or wrapping; when an image runs to one or more edges of a substrate or medium.

Blow-Up ‹ Photographic enlargement.

Blower ‹ General term for device to circulate or remove warm air from restricted areas, i.e., projector housings.

Blueprint ‹ A mechanical drawing of booth layout, construction, and specifications.  Also see SET UP DRAWING.

Board of Directors Set-Up ‹ Tables are set in rectangle or oval shape with chairs on both sides and ends.

Bonded Warehouse ‹ A warehouse authorized by customs authorities for storage of goods on which payment of duties is deferred until the goods are removed.

Boneyard ‹ A facility storage area where empty crates are stored during exposition.  This area may be located within the exposition hall in an unused portion of the floor.  Also known as DUMP.

Booking ‹ An arrangement with a company for use of facilities, goods or services.

Boom Lift  ­­   ‹ A motorized platform used to lift people to a given height.  ALSO KNOWN AS SNORKEL, FLYING PLATFORM, SCISSORS LIFT, CONDOR, or KNUCKLE BOOM.

Booth ‹ One or more standard units of exhibit space.  A standard unit is generally known to be a 10¹ by 10¹ space.  However, if an exhibitor purchases multiple units side by side or back to back, the combined space is still referred to as a ³booth².

Booth Area ‹ The amount of floor space assigned to and occupied by an exhibitor.

Booth Number ‹ The number designated by show management for each exhibitor's space.

Booth Personnel ‹ Staff assigned to represent an exhibitor in their assigned space.

Booth Sign ‹ Sign usually stating name, city, state, and booth number of exhibitor.

Booth Size ‹ Dimensions of assigned space.

Boothmanship (Exhibitorship) ‹ The booth staff's necessary skills to effectively present an exhibiting company's message. Includes body language, opening line and message presentation.

Border Chaser ‹ Programmed lighting around signs.

Break Terminal ‹ Location at which common carriers separate consolidated freight.

Breakdown ‹ To dismantle or prepare for packing and shipping at the end of an event.  Also to itemize estimates, invoices, and costs.

Breakout Rooms ‹ Small meeting rooms set up for a group within an event as opposed to a plenary or general session.

Breakpoint ‹ Level at which discounts are allowed for volumes of freight.

Brushed Finish ‹ Finish primarily on aluminum or steel achieved by rubbing with wire brush or steel wool to achieve a "matte" quality.

Buck-boost transformer ­­  This is a transformer used to convert electrical voltage either up or down, (such as 208v to 220v, or 240v to 220v).

Build-Up ‹ System of programming flasher to light lamps in cumulative sequence with time intervals between.

Bullet Catch ‹ Device for holding hinged door closed.

Bullnose ‹ Technique for finishing raw edge with half round molding, or shaping to half round.

Burned In Copy ‹ Written copy appearing on photographs.

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C

CEIR — See CENTER FOR EXHIBITION INDUSTRY RESEARCH.

CEMA (Computer Event Marketing Association) — Trade association for firms exhibiting in computer-related events.

COD — Cash on Delivery; Collection on Delivery.

CTSM —Certified Trade Show Marketer.

CWT — Abbreviation for hundred weight. A weight measurement for exhibit freight (100 pounds). This is the unit of measure used for on-site freight handling.

Cable Pick — Rigging point or working line used to lift overhead equipment above an exhibit space or exhibit.

Call –– SEE Labor Call.

Call-Out — Notation on drawings or exhibits of special significance, i.e., finish, edge, color, detail, or features.

Camera Ready –– Artwork ready for shooting or reproduction.

Canadian Customs Invoice –– Document required by Canadian Customs identifying shipper, seller, consignee, terms, date of shipment, material being sold/shipped, classification code, quantity, unit and total prices. Additional information required on the invoice depends on shipper and consignee arrangements.

Cancellation or Interruption Insurance — Insurance that protects a show organizer against financial loss or expenses incurred when contractually specified "perils" necessitate canceling or relocating a show, or cause a reduction in attendance.

Canopy — An overhead cover or scrim for projected images.

Cantilever — A horizontal member extending well beyond its vertical support.

Canvas — Material used for outdoor banners, dressing, or decoration.

Cap Nut — A decorative nut, usually plated, to secure end of threaded bolt where finished appearance is desired; sometimes called acorn nut.

Cap Strip — Piece of finished material used to cover end framing.

Carnet — An international customs document, issued by authorized Chambers of Commerce, permitting the holder to carry or send merchandise temporarily into certain foreign countries (for display, demonstration, or similar purposes) without the need for bonds, deposits/guarantees, duties or other Customs formalities. .

Carpenter —A trades person that has served a 4 year apprenticeship to journeyman, used in the installation of exhibits and displays in most cities.

Carpet Tape — Double-faced tape used to adhere edge of carpet to floor or to repair carpet tears.

Carriage Bolt — A bolt with a square shank next to the head to allow tightening in wood without tools.

Carrier — Transportation contractor moving freight (van line, common carrier, rail car, airplane).

Cartage — 1. Fee charged for transporting freight between destinations. 2. Short-distance hauling of exhibit properties.

Cartage Agent –– Ground service operator who provides pickup and delivery in areas not served directly by air carrier.

Caterer — Another term for a food service vendor. Often used to apply to vendors who specialize in banquets and theme parties. Typically an exclusive contractor within a facility.

Ceiling Decor — Suspended decorations to enhance appearance of hall or create a more intimate environment by "lowering" the ceiling.

Center for Exhibition Industry Research (CEIR)   A membership organization representing the entire exhibition industry, whose mission is to promote the growth of the exhibition industry through research, information and communication, and to position exhibitions as primary marketing tools. Formerly known as the TRADE SHOW BUREAU.

Certificate of Inspection — A document certifying that merchandise (such as perishable goods) was in good condition immediately prior to its shipment.

Certificate of Insurance — A basic element of an effective risk management program. Serves as evidence of the financial capability of an indemnitor who has executed an agreement in favor of an organization. Most show organizers require a certificate of insurance from every exhibitor, just as most facilities require one from show organizers.

Certificate of Origin — A document, required by certain foreign countries for tariff purposes, certifying as to the country of origin of specified goods.

Certified Exposition Manager (CEM) — An exposition management professional, as officially designated by the International Association of Exposition Management.

Certified Manager of Exhibits (CME) — An exhibit industry professional, as officially designated by the Trade Show Exhibitors Association.

Chain Hoist Motor — Motor that pulls a chain through itself in order to lift a load. In most concert applications, the motor has been modified to enable it to climb up the chain rather than to pull the chain up to itself. Widely used to suspend structure, signs, and lighting in the convention industry.

Chamfer — Technique of reducing sharp corner of lumber by sanding or machining edge.

Channel — Generally, any material milled or extruded in a continuous "U" shape.

Chaser— Electrical device to accomplish rapid sequential lighting.

Cherry Picker — See HIGH JACKER.

Chevron — 1. Type of cloth used for backdrops. 2. Seating pattern where chairs are arranged so that they angle towards the center of the room so that attendees can sit facing the speaker or screen.

Clamp-on Fixture — Electrical fixture with clamp device for attaching to display.

Classroom –– Tables are lined up in a row, one behind the other on each side of the center aisle with chairs facing the head table

Clean Bill of Lading — A receipt for goods issued by a carrier with an indication that the goods were received in apparent good order and condition, without damages or other irregularities. Compare FOUL BILL OF LADING.

Clean Draft — A draft to which no documents have been attached.

Column — A pillar in an exposition facility that supports the roof or other structures. Usually denoted on FLOOR PLAN as a solid square.

Commercial Invoice — An itemized list of goods shipped, usually included among an exporter's COLLECTION PAPERS.

Commission Agent — See PURCHASING AGENT.

Common Carrier — An individual, partnership, or corporation that transports persons or goods for compensation. For exhibit materials, usually accepts only crated or cased goods and consolidates freight of more than one customer into one shipment headed for a particular location.

Concealed Damage –– Damage to merchandise that is not discovered until the shipment is unpacked.

Consignee — Person to whom goods are shipped.

Consignment — Delivery of merchandise from an exporter (the consignor) to an agent (the consignee) under agreement that the agent sell the merchandise for the account of the exporter. The consignor retains title to the goods until the consignee has sold them. The consignee sells the goods for commission and remits the net proceeds to the consignor.

Consignor — Person who sends freight.

Consolidate — Shipping freight to a central depot where several loads bound for the same destination are put together before being shipped to that destination. Freight that is consolidated is often intended for more than one consignee.

Construction Drawing — A drawing that gives detailed diagrams and instructions for building an exhibit.

Consular Declaration — A formal statement, made to the consul of a foreign country, describing goods to be shipped.

Consular Invoice — A document, required by some foreign countries, describing a shipment of goods and showing information such as the consignor, consignee, and value of the shipment. Certified by a consular official of the foreign country, it is used by the country's customs officials to verify the value, quantity, and nature of the shipment.

Consumer Show — An exposition, of what are generally known as consumer products, that is open to the public. Typically, an admission fee is charged. Also known as PUBLIC SHOW or GATE SHOW.

Container Detention –– A charge that is assessed when the container is removed from the carrier’s control but is not returned within the allowable free time. ALSO KNOWN AS PIER DEMURRAGE.

Contracting — A system in which all or part of the product or the work to be done is sublet to contractors.

Contractor — An individual or organization providing services to a trade show and/or its exhibitors. May be Official (appointed by show management) or Independent (appointed by exhibitor). Typically refers to either a general service contractor or specialty contractor.

Convention — An assembly of delegates, representatives, and members of an organization convened for a common purpose.

Convention & Visitors Bureau — An organization that promotes a city’s facilities and attractions to tourists and business travelers, and helps show managers and meeting planners with event preparation.

Convention Center — A facility where expositions are held. Also known as EXPOSITION CENTER, FACILITY or HALL. May be purpose built or converted; municipally or privately owned.

Copy Negative — Film negative made from glossy print for production of additional prints.

Copy Panel — Item or area for graphic communication.

Corner Booth — An exhibit space with exposure on at least two aisles. Some shows charge premium prices for these booths.

Corporate Exhibit - An institutional exhibit telling the story of the company without intentionally marketing a specific product or service.

Corporate Show — A show produced by a corporation that is not a show management company. Exhibits are limited to products and services of that corporation or its arketing partners; no competitors participate. Also known as a private show.

Costumer — Hat and coat rack.

Count — 1. Total number of attendees for a given period; 2. Total number of exhibitors for a given period.

Counter — A working cabinet for display, demonstration, or registration.

Countermount — Technique for mounting material to rear of panel equal to weight and consistency to face mounted material. This prevents warping.

Countersink — Technique of recessing heads of screws and nails below the surface.

Cover Plate — A protective, removable panel used with self-contained exhibits in transit.

C-Print — A type of color reproduction print.

Craft Union — A labor organization, the membership in which is restricted to individuals possessing or working at a specific skill or trade, such as electricians, carpenters, or plumbers. See UNION.

Craftsperson — A skilled individual who provides actual services on the show floor. Usually a unionized worker.

Crate — Typically a wooden container that holds exhibit property for shipment.

Crated Exhibit –– An exhibit that is transported from show to show in crates (small to huge wooden boxes). Crates make handling the exhibit easier, and minimize damage during material handling. In most cases, individual pieces are jigged in place within the crates. Make sure all jig material is left in the empty crates.

Crating List — Names the contents of what is enclosed inside a crate, i.e., exhibit pieces, carpet.

Crop Mark — Indication on original art or photo defining area that is to be reproduced.

Cross Aisle — An aisle at a right angle to a main aisle.

Cross Bar — Rod used in draping or as a support brace.

Cube Taps –– Three way plugs for combining electrical cords. (Be warned, these are outlawed by fire code in some facilities.) SEE ALSO TRI TAPS.

Cubic Content — The use of exhibit properties in the airspace over the entire leased area above a height of eight feet or more.

Custom Exhibit — An exhibit created to be a unique solution to the specific requirements of the user.

Customs Broker — An individual or firm licensed to enter and clear goods through Customs. ALSO KNOWN AS CUSTOMHOUSE.

Customs — The authorities designated to regulate the flow of goods to and from a country and to collect duties levied by a country on imports and exports. The term also applies to the procedures involved in such collection.

Cut-Out — Profile cut display item, such as letters or photos.

Cut Rate — Cost per "hundred weight."

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D

Dais — A raised platform on which the head table is placed (pronounced "day-iss").

Damage Report — A report submitted by an exhibitor to a freight company or drayage contractor itemizing damage to shipped goods.

Dangerous Goods –– Articles or substances capable of posing a significant risk to health, safety or property when transported and which are classified according to the most current editions of ICAO Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods and IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations.

Dark Day — A day on which a facility or hall has no events booked.

Date Protection — A guarantee that the dates a show organizer has selected for an event in a specific facility are reserved for that organizer.

Dead Man — Temporary post used during installation to help support the weight of an overhead structure.

Dead Time — Time when a worker is unable to work because of factors beyond his or her control and during which he or she is paid. Also called ALLOWED TIME, DOWN TIME, IDLE TIME, or WAITING TIME.

Declared Value — Shipper's stated value of entire shipment in terms of dollars, or the purpose of determining charges or establishing the limit of carrier’s liability for loss, damage or delay.

Decorating — Dressing up a facility or exhibit with carpet, draping, plants, etc.

Decorator —1.The skilled craftsperson that provides installation and dismantle and booth and hall dressing services for a trade show and/or its exhibitors. SEE INSTALLER. 2. The union that represents decorators, ALSO KNOWN AS INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES (IUPAT). 3. The official service contractor for an exhibition. ALSO KNOWN AS GENERAL SERVICE CONTRACTOR.

Deferred Air Freight — Long haul air freight that waits for available cargo space, usually one to two days, at a reduced rate.

Demographics — Characteristics that help create a profile of exhibitors and attendees. May include company location, job function, purchase budget, or purchase intentions.

Demonstrators — Persons hired to illustrate, demonstrate, or explain products.

Demurrage — Excess time taken for loading or unloading a vessel. Demurrage refers only to situations in which the charterer or shipper, rather than the vessel's operator, is at fault.

Density — Pounds per cubic foot. The cubic footage of loose articles or pieces, or packaged articles of a rectangular, elliptical or square shape on one plane shall be determined by multiplying the greatest straight line dimensions of length, width and depth in inches, including all projections, and dividing the total by 1728 (to obtain cubic feet). The density is the weight of the article divided by the cubic feet thus obtained.

Deposit — Money required in advance of the use of space or prior to provision of services.

Design — Graphic and pictorial representation of an idea.

Detail — Construction drawing for fabrication (or specific construction feature).

Die Cut — Method of producing repetitive cutout shapes in quantity.

Diffuser — An open grid or a solid translucent plastic to soften or conceal light sources.

Dim Weight — Length x width x height divided by 194 for domestic shipment, or divided by 166 for international shipments.

Dimmer — A device to control light intensity.

Diorama — Dimensional representation in forced perspective.

Directory — A catalog of basic information about the show, including exhibitors, floor plan, and schedule of events. Also called program.

Disconnect — Device to permit easy and rapid separation of electrical components.

Dismantle — 1. To take to pieces or apart. 2. Teardown of exhibit.

Dispatcher — Person responsible for scheduling and routing freight, labor, etc.

Display Builder — 1. Company that fabricates displays. SEE EXHIBIT HOUSE 2. Craftsperson that builds displays.

Display Case — Showcase for displaying products.

Display Rules and Regulations — A set of specifications for exhibit construction endorsed by major exhibit industry associations. Also the set of rules for an exposition that are used by management.

Dispute — A conflict or difference of opinion between an employer and a union or between an employer and employees over some phase of their relationship. Usually refers to a serious controversy that threatens or causes a work stoppage or that is submitted to an arbitrator or government agency for settlement.

Dissolve — See FADE.

Distributor Show — A show produced by a distributor at which exhibitors are the manufacturers of products sold by the distributor and attendees are the distributor’s customers.

Dock — A place where freight is loaded onto and taken from vessels or vehicles.

Dock Receipt — A receipt issued by an ocean carrier to acknowledge receipt of a shipment at the carrier's dock or warehouse facilities. When delivery of a foreign shipment is completed, the dock receipt is surrendered to the vessel operator or his agent and serves as the basis for the preparation of the Ocean Bill of Lading. Also see WAREHOUSE RECEIPT.

Dolly — Any of several kinds of low, flat, wheeled frames for transporting heavy objects.

Donkey Dick – A metal pole placed on the front of a forklift for carrying rolls of carpet.

Double-Decker — A two-storied exhibit. Also called MULTIPLE STORY EXHIBIT.

Double-Faced Panel — Finished on both sides.

Double-Faced Tape — Tape used to adhere carpet to floor, signs, or panels.

Doubletime — Premium pay, which is double the base rate of hourly wage.

Draper — Person who installs drapes, pleats, and special decor.

Draping — Decorating with drapes.

Drawback — A refund of duties paid on imported goods that is provided at the time of their re-exportation.

Drayage Delivery of exhibit materials from the dock to assigned space, removing empty crates, returning crates at end of show for re-crating, and delivering materials back to dock for carrier loading. NOW KNOWN AS MATERIAL HANDLING.

Drayage Contractor –– SEE OFFICIAL SERVICE CONTRACTOR.

Dressing the Exhibits — Placing graphics, plants, literature, and applying any finishing touches to the display.

Drop Slot — Opening in countertop to receive cards.

DT Labor — Work performed on overtime and charged at twice the published rate.

Duct Tape –– Fabric tape that comes in various colors to match carpet and drape.

Dummy — Mock-up, non-operative.

Duplex Outlet — Double electrical outlet., otherwise a common household outlet.

Duty — A tax imposed on imports by the customs authority of a country to discourage imports. . Duties are generally based on the value of the goods (ad valorem duties), some other factor such as weight or quantity (specific duties), or a combination of value and other factors (compound duties).

Dye Transfer — Technique of producing full color, accurate color prints.

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E

EAC –– 1. Exhibitor Appointed Contractor. 2. Exhibit Advisory Committee.

EACA –– Exhibitor Appointed Contractor Association.   The trade show industry's only association dedicated to "raising the level of service excellence on the showfloor."

EDC –– Exhibitor Designated Contractor. MORE COMMONLY KNOWN AS EAC.

EDPA (Exhibit Designers & Producers Association) — Trade association for exhibit designers and builders.

by exposition managers.

Easel — A stand or frame for displaying objects.

Edge Light — Technique of illuminating engraved lines in glass or plastic by transmitting light through edge of material.

Electrical Contractor — A company contracted by show management to provide electrical services to exhibitors.

Electricians —Highly skilled craftsperson who handles installation of all electrical equipment, which may include headers, and signs, depending on the jurisdiction.

Elevated Table — Table raised to counter height.

Elevations — Front and side views of scaled drawing.

Empty Sticker — The tag indicating a crate may be moved into storage. The sticker identifies the exhibitor and the return location for the crate.

End Cap — An exhibit space with aisles on three sides. Also called a peninsula.

EPS –– (ENCAPSULATED POSTSCRIPT) A file format used to transfer Postscript image information from one program to another.

Erection — Assembling of exhibit properties. SEE I&D.

Est. Wt. — Estimated Weight.

Estimate — Approximate calculation of exhibit costs.

Etching — Inscribing lines of textures on the surface of rigid materials using acids or tools.

Exclusive — Any agreement that limits the provision of services to a single vendor in an exposition or in a facility.

Exclusive Contractor — Contractor appointed by show or building management as the sole agent to provide services for an agreed compensation.

Exclusive Use — Rental of entire truck or van by one shipper.

Exhibit — A display used to convey a message. A specific tool of the communications medium of exhibiting. Also EXHIBIT BOOTH.

Exhibit Designer/Producer — Company responsible for designing and constructing exhibit booth.

Exhibit Directory — A program book for attendees listing exhibitors and exhibit booth locations.

Exhibit Hall — The area within an exposition center where exhibits are located.

Exhibit House –– Company that fabricates displays. SEE SHOP, DISPLAY BUILDER.

Exhibit Manager — Person in charge of a company's exhibits program or an individual exhibit (as opposed to the show manager) that is in charge of the entire exposition.

Exhibit Prospectus — Promotional materials for prospective exhibitors to encourage participation.

Exhibition — Preferred term which refers to an event at which products and services are displayed. ALSO KNOWN AS EXPOSITION, TRADE SHOW.

Exhibition Manager –– Preferred term for a person responsible or all aspects of planning, promoting, and producing an exposition. Also known as show manager and show organizer. ALSO KNOWN AS EXPOSITION MANAGER, SHOW MANAGER

Exhibitor — One who displays in an exposition.

Exhibitor Advisory Committee (EAC) — Representatives of a show’s exhibiting companies who act as advisers to show management on rules and procedures, and also update show management on industry trends and issues.

Exhibitor-Appointed Contractors (EAC) — Service organizations appointed by the exhibitor, i.e., any company other than the designated "official" contractor providing a service to an exhibitor can refer to an I&D house, transportation company, AV company, furniture company, photographer, florist, or any other type of contractor. Also called INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR.

Exhibitor Lounge — An area either on or adjacent to the exhibit floor where exhibitors may relax or meet with customers. Show management sometimes provides special services in this area, such as translators for a show that has international attendees.

Exhibitor Manual — See SERVICE KIT, ALSO KNOWN AS SHOW KIT.

Exhibit Newsletter — A newsletter sent by show management to exhibitors prior to a show. It includes updates on deadlines, show rules and regulations, events, and marketing opportunities offered by show management plus educational articles to improve exhibitors’ effectiveness.

Exhibitor Prospectus — Direct mail piece sent to current and prospective exhibitors that promote benefits of exhibiting in a specific show. Compare ATTENDEE BROCHURE.

Exhibitor Retention — Persuading current exhibitors to participate in subsequent events. Exhibitor retention rate is the percentage of exhibitors that renew.

Exhibits Manager — See FLOOR MANAGER.

Expanded Metal — Sheets of metal cut and expanded to form an open mesh, usually used as decorative grill.

Expedited Service — Service offered by transportation company to assure prompt delivery.

Export — To send or transport goods out of one country for sale in another country. In international sales, the exporter is usually the seller or the seller's agent. Compare IMPORT.

Export Broker — An individual or firm that brings together buyers and sellers for a fee but does not take part in actual sales transactions.

Export License — A government document that permits the "Licensee" to engage in the export of designated goods to certain destinations. Lists of such goods are found in the comprehensive Export Schedules issued by the Bureau of Foreign Commerce.

Export Management Company — A private firm that serves as the export department for several manufacturers, soliciting and transacting export business on behalf of its clients in return for a commission, salary, or retainer plus commission.

Exposition — Alternate term foran event at which products or services are exhibited. SEE EXHIBITION.

Exposition Manager — Alternate term for a person responsible or all aspects of planning, promoting, and producing an exposition. ALSO KNOWN AS SHOW MANAGER, OR SHOW ORGANIZER.

Exposition Rules — The regulations prepared by exposition management for a given event.

Extruded — To form metal or plastic, push out.

Extruded Aluminum –– Any of a variety of extruded metal "system" displays whose manufacturers include, but are not limited to, Octanorm, GEM, and MIS among others.

Extrusions — Products produced in continuous shapes by forcing materials under great pressure through dies; i.e., "T" molding channel, angle.

Eye Bolts –– Eye bolts or eye screws have a looped head or an opening in the head.

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F

FHC — Notation on floor plans indicating the location of fire hose cabinets.

Fabrication — The building or construction of an exhibit display.

Facility — See CONVENTION CENTER, HALL.

Facility Manager —The manager of a convention center or hall.

Facing –– Decorative trim, painted or applied.

Fade — Term used to describe transition from one scene to next by slowly darkening image, also called DISSOLVE.

Fascia — Panel at top of an exhibit, usually bearing company name.

Fiber Optics — 1. In displays, the use of cut glass fibers to display colored light. 2. In telephony, material used for carrying voice and data signals.

Fiberglass — A material fabricated from plastic resins and glass fiber. Available in rigid forms, translucent and opaque. Can also be custom fabricated in intricate shapes.

Field Services — Handling installation and dismantling, including freight, drayage, carpentry, electrical, plumbing, ironworkers, riggers, and maintenance.

Finger Pull — Hinged finger grip usually mounted in recess on hinged doors.

Finished — Wooden articles that have passed the state of manufacture "in the white." See IN THE WHITE (refers to wood that has been primed).

Fire Aisle –– Interior aisle in an exhibition floor plan used for emergency egress that must be kept clear of obstructions.

Fire Exit — SEE EMERGENCY EXIT.

Fire Extinguisher –– Any agent used to extinguish fires such as water, sand, CO2, Halon, etc.

Fire Lane — An external vehicle lane that must be kept clear of obstruction to allow emergency egress.

Fire Retardant — Term used to describe a finish (usually liquid) that coats materials with a fire resistant cover. This does not render the material fireproof.

Fixed Jig — Permanent felt support mounted within shipping container.

Flame Proofed — Term used to describe material that is, or had been treated with a fire retardant.

Flange — That part of an extruded, formed or fabricated component that protrudes from the basic shape. Often used as mounting plate.

Flasher — Device to activate one or more lamps by intermittently interrupting current.

Flasher Button, Thermal — Flasher that is reacting to heat of electrical flow, built up heat, causing flasher to break current until cooled. These types cannot be programmed.

Flasher, Random — Several flashers acting in non-programmed fashion. Use may be restricted in show rules.

Flat Framed — 1' x 2', 1' x 3' or 1' x 4' mounted on flat surface, usually associated with banners or signs.

Float –– A large 4 wheel dolly with upright handle, can be manual or motorized.

Floater — Worker used by foreman to help assigned labor for short periods.

Flocking — An electrostatic spraying process producing a velvety finish on any surface.

Floor Load — Maximum amount of weight per square foot a floor can support. May also refer to the maximum amount of power available from floor outlets and ports.

Floor Manager — An individual (often an independent contractor ) representing show management, or the official contractor, who is responsible for the installation, dismantling, and operation of the exhibition area.

Floor Marking — Method of marking booth spaces in an empty exhibit hall to indicate where booths will be set.

Floor Order — Order for labor or services placed after exhibit setup begins. Usually more expensive than an ADVANCE ORDER.

Floor Plan — A map showing layout of exhibit spaces, lounges, concession areas, restrooms, electrical/plumbing accessibility, etc.

Floor Port — A utility box, recessed in the floor, containing electrical, telephone, and/or plumbing connections.

Flush Lock — Non-protruding locking device inserted flush with surface.

Flush Mounted — Mounting of one material to another with no space between them.

Foam Core — Paper exterior sandwiching rigid foam often used for show signage.

Font — An alphabet of letters of one style or type. SEE TYPE FACE.

Food stuff / Edibles –– Imports are subject to sanitary/veterinary health certificates. Live animals/plants may be quarantined.

Force Majuere — The title of a standard clause in contracts exempting the parties for non-fulfillment of their obligations as a result of conditions beyond their control, such as earthquakes, floods or war.

Foreman –– Supervisor of a group of workers whose duties will vary based upon the region of the country and the union affiliation.

Forklift, Forktruck — Vehicle used to transport heavy exhibit materials short distances and for loading and unloading materials..

For-Profit Show Management Company — A management company whose owners or stockholders share in its net proceeds. SEE INDEPENDENT SHOW ORGANIZER.

Four Hour Call — Under certain circumstances this is the minimum work period for which union labor must be paid. Not to be confused with minimum charges to exhibitors applied by contractors that service shows.

Free Standing — Self-supporting and independent exhibit material.

Freight — Exhibit properties, products, and other materials shipped for an exhibit.

Freight Contractor — The show –designated company responsible for handling exhibit properties from the dock to the exhibit space.

Freight Desk — At a show, the freight contractor’s service area for handling inbound and outbound exhibit materials.

Freight Forwarder — An independent business that handles shipments for

Compensation, either a local cartage or long haul carrier.

Freight Handling Form — Form for exhibitor requesting handling of materials. Not to be confused with long haul shipping forms, or bills of lading.

Fresnel — Theatrical Fixture with adjustable lens 150 W through 1500 W.

Furniture Dolly –– SEE FLOAT, CART

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G

GATT — General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. A multilateral treaty whose purpose is to help reduce trade barriers between the signatory countries and to promote trade through tariff concessions.

GST –– Goods and services taxes.

Gang Box — Nickname for a equipment box most contractors and some exhibitors carry that contains tools and supplies needed for the routine set up of trade show displays. See JOB BOX or TROUBLE BOX.

Gator Foam –– Laminated foam board used for signage, available in a variety of thicknesses. More rigid and durable than Foam Core.

Gauge — Where tariffs refer to gauge, they mean the U.S. Standard Gauge for determining thickness of sheet or plate steel; Browne & Sharpe Gauge for rod and sheets of aluminum, copper, brass and bronze; U.S. Steel Wire Gauge for iron, steel, and copper wire.

Gel — Theatrical color filter used in conjunction with theatrical projection fixtures and spotlights. Also referred to as GELATIN.

General Contractors SEE GENERAL SERVICE CONTRACTOR. Also OFFICIAL CONTRACTORS.

General Export Licenses — Any of various export licenses covering export commodities for which VALIDATED EXPORT LICENSES are not required. No formal application or written authorization is needed to ship exports under a General Export License.

General Service Contractor — An organization that provides show management and exhibitors with a wide range of services, sometimes including, but not limited to, installation & dismantle (I&D), creating and hanging signage and banners, laying carpet, material handling , and providing booth furniture. ALSO KNOWN AS OFFICIAL CONTRACTOR. SOMETIMES REFERRED TO AS "DECORATOR".

Genie Lift –– The manufacturer of a variety of lifts used in the erection of trade show displays. The first model manufactured was a hand-cranked material handling lift .ALSO REFERRED TO AS A HURTY GURTY. Genie now also manufactures motorized lifts that can be used as material lifts or man lifts.

Glass, Wire — Plate glass with embedded wire reinforcement.

GOBO –– A special pattern made of metal or glass that can be installed into the aperture of a light source to project a pattern.

Goose-necked light –– A small spot light with a flexible stem so that it can be pointed in the direction that light is most desired.

Graphics — Communicative elements—color, copy, art, photographs, translites, etc.—used to illustrate a booth theme or to enhance decor.

Grid System — Technique of providing system of structural supports, electrical conduit, etc., on a pattern of centers. Also used for ceilings.

Grommet — Rubber, metal or plastic element for reinforcing holes in weaker materials.

Gross Square Feet — Total space available in exhibit hall as compared to net square feet, which is usable exhibit space.

Gross Weight — The full weight of a shipment, including goods and packaging. Compare TARE WEIGHT.

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H

Hall — A generic term for an exposition facility. May also refer to an individual area within a facility. For instance, one facility could have multiple halls.

Hand Truck — A small, hand-propelled vehicle used for transporting small loads. SEE FLOAT.

Hard Card — 1. Work order for labor or services. 2. Material handling contractor’s record of materials received or shipped.

Hardwall — A type of exhibit construction in which the walls are of solid material, rather than fabric.

Hard wire ––Mechanical terminations of bare end wire to electrical equipment.

Header — A sign or other structure across top of exhibit. Usually displays company name. SEE ID SIGN, LIGHT BAR.

High Drape –– High drape is any drape over 8’ high which requires special equipment. High drape is used to create dramatic areas such as stages or special focal points. Typically, high drape is dark blue velour and is 16’ to 19’ high, although vinyl or 11’ banjo drape in blue and other colors is often used. All high drape needs to be anchored securely on its framework to ensure it cannot fall.

High Jacker — A manufacturer of equipment capable of lifting a person or persons to a given height. A high lift or ladder generally used in focusing lights or adjusting rigging. ALSO KNOWN AS CHERRY PICKER, JLG, SCISSORS LIFT, GENIE LIFT.

Hire — International term referring to "rent" a service or product.

Hold Harmless Clauses — Contract clauses that attempt to limit the liability of one party in case of a claim.

Hologram — A photographic effect using lasers to obtain a three dimensional image on a flat surface.

Horizontal Show — A show in which the products or services being displayed represent all segments of an industry or profession. Compare VERTICAL SHOW.

Hospitality Suite/Event — An event in the United States, usually separate from the exhibit, in which refreshments are served and exhibitor personnel and visitors socialize. Most shows require hospitality events to be opened only after exhibit hours.

Hotel Show — An exposition held in the exhibit space or ballroom of a hotel.

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I

I&D — Installation and dismantle of an exhibit (set-up/teardown).

Import — To bring foreign goods into a country. Compare EXPORT.

Import License — A document required and issued by some national governments authorizing the importation of goods into their individual countries.

Independent Contractor —1. A contractor hired by an exhibitor to perform show services independent of show management-appointed contractors. ALSO CALLED EXHIBITOR-APPOINTED CONTRACTOR (EAC). 2. Any individual or company hired to perform show services on a contract basis.

Independent Show Management Company — A for-profit show management company.

Infringement — Use of floor space outside exclusive booth area.

Inland Bill of Lading — A bill of lading used in transporting goods overland to the exporter's international carrier. Although a through bill of lading can sometimes be used, it is usually necessary to prepare both an inland bill of lading and an ocean bill of lading for export shipments. Compare AIR WAYBILL, BILL OF LADING, OCEAN BILL OF LADING, THROUGH BILL OF LADING.

Inline Booth — Exhibit space with exhibit booths on either side and/ or back.

Inserts — 1.Interchangeable panels of copy or art.. 2. Advertising flyer used by show organizers and/or exhibitors. Usually tipped-in (affixed with glue) or blown-in (inserted loose) to trade publications as an advertisement.

Installation — Setting up an exhibit material to prescribed set-up instructions and drawings.

Installation & Dismantle — Also referred to as I&D. The set-up and teardown of exhibits.

Installer –– Skilled labor used to set up displays at trade shows. The union affiliation of the installer will vary based upon the locale and the facility in question.

Interactive Exhibits — Exhibits in which the visitor is involved with the exhibit in a proactive way.

Interactive Video — Exhibits in which the visitor is involved with the video in a proactive way.

International Freight Forwarder — See FREIGHT FORWARDER.

Inventory — Total amount of furniture and equipment available for show.

Island Exhibit — A three-dimensional display exposed to aisles on all four sides.

Isometric — A perspective-like drawing, except that all lengths have the same proportion.

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J

Jewel Light — Colored plastic or glass insert used in front of light source in panel faces to identify, pinpoint, etc., areas.

Jig — Shop or bench setup for making repetitive assemblies.

Jigging — Special dividers, sectioning and protective padding inside exhibit crates.

Job Foreman — One who is in charge of specific projects.

Jointing — Technique of rendering lumber surfaces perfectly straight and smooth so as to permit a perfect fit. This operation is usually performed on continuous automatic machine called a Jointer.

Journeyman — Worker who has satisfactorily completed an apprenticeship in a skilled trade.

Jurisdiction 1. The jobs that may be performed by a specific labor union. 2. The locality where a contractual dispute is decided.

K

KD (Knockdown) — Exhibit or display components requiring on-site assembly.

Kick Base (Toe Base) — Base molding or band added to structure to absorb marring caused by brooms, mops, etc.

Kiosk — A small free-standing structure, open to one or more sides, used within an exhibit for the display of printed or electronic information.

Kit — See SERVICE KIT.

Kodalith — Type of film.

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L

L&D — Loss and Damage.

Labor — For shows, refers to contracted workers who perform services. Also INSTALLERS.

Labor Call — 1. A method of securing union employees. 2. Time specified for labor to report.

Labor Desk — The location in an exhibit hall where exhibitors can order labor.

Labor Form — Form used by exhibitors requesting labor at exhibition.

Laborer — See INSTALLERS.

Lacquer Finish — Coating sprayed on wood, metal and other materials, pigment colored or clear, that is durable and washable. Composition of coating includes primarily a water soluble solution.

Lamination — The bonding under pressure of two or more materials to form a layer or sandwich of materials; i.e., plywood,, plastic laminate

Landscape — Sign where width measurement (horizontal line) is larger than height. Also known as HORIZONTAL.

Lap Joint — Joint in construction achieved by overlapping ends of lumber for greater strength than simple butt joint.

Laser Disc — A medium for holding an image. Can be r